It is perfectly possible to discuss cosmology without having already leaed general rel-ativity. In fact, the most crucial equation, the Friedma equation which describes theexpansion of the Universe, tus out to be the same when derived from Newton’s theoryof gravity as it is when derived from the equations of general relativity. The Newtonianderivation is, however, some way from being completely rigorous, and general relativity isrequired to fully patch it up, a detail that need not conce us at this stage. Readers withsome familiarity with general relativity may wish to study the relativistic derivation givenin Advanced Topic 1.In Newtonian gravity all matter attracts, with the force exerted ...
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